Sodium alginate is a by-product after extracting iodine and mannitol from kelp or Sargassum of brown algae, and its molecule is composed of β -D- mannuronic acid (β -D-mannuronic, m) and α -L- guluronic acid (α -l -L-guluronic, g) press (1→ 4) key connection, which is a kind ofNatural polysaccharideIt has the stability, solubility, viscosity and safety required by pharmaceutical excipients. Sodium alginate has been widely used in food industry and medicine.
Sodium alginate is derived frombrown algagenerickelporsea grapeMiddle extractioniodineandmannitolSubsequentby-productIts molecule consists of β -D- mannuronic acid (β -D-mannuronic, m) and α -L- guluronic acid (α -l -L-guluronic, g) press (1→ 4) key connection. The aqueous solution of sodium alginate has high viscosity and has been used as food.Thickener、stabilizing agent、emulgatorWait. Sodium alginate is a non-toxic food, which was included in the United States Pharmacopoeia as early as 1938. Sodium alginate contains a lot of — COO－-,which can show polyanionic behavior in aqueous solution and has certain adhesion, can be used as a drug carrier for treating mucosal tissue. Under acidic conditions, — COO－-into — COOH，ionization degreeWhen decreasing, the hydrophilicity of sodium alginate decreases, the molecular chain shrinks and the pH value increases, — COOH group dissociates constantly, and the hydrophilicity of sodium alginate increases and the molecular chain stretches. Therefore, sodium alginate has obvious pH sensitivity. Sodium alginate can quickly form gel under extremely mild conditions, when Ca2+, Sr2+ and so on are present.cationWhen it exists, Na+ on G units reacts with divalent cations, and G units pile up to form cross-linked network structure, thus forming hydrogel. Sodium alginate formationgelMild conditions, which can avoid sensitive drugs, protein,cellandenzymeInactivation of such active substances. Because of these excellent characteristics, sodium alginate has been widely used in food industry and medicine.
American researchers recently confirmed the theory that red tide algae produce toxins more than 20 years ago. This discovery may provide some help for protecting shellfish, marine mammals and human beings in coastal areas from the harm of periodic outbreaks of red tides.
Timothy jamison, an associate professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, published a paper in the latest issue of Science, saying that he and other researchers have successfully replicated a series of chemical reactions in which red tide algae produce toxins. In 1985, a chemist from Columbia University pointed out that red tide algae produce toxins through a series of chemical reactions. But for a long time, researchers have been unable to replicate such chemical reactions in the laboratory. Jamison said that he and Ivan Vilotijevic, a graduate student at MIT, have been able to start such a chemical reaction in the laboratory. One of the keys to the experiment is to carry out such a reaction in water.
Jamison speculated that the toxin-producing marine planktonic dinoflagellate (a marine unicellular organism that can cause red tides) initiated such chemical reactions through an enzyme. Through chemical reaction, they can produce a chemical substance related to red tide toxin called "Brevenal". But studies have also shown that this chemical may be used to treat cystic fibrosis.
Red tide is a natural phenomenon. When the temperature and salinity of seawater promote the excessive reproduction of some algae and plankton, the seawater will change color and produce red tide. A considerable number of red tides are harmless, they will die, but some red tides are harmful.
There was a large-scale red tide on the east coast of the United States in 1972, which caused a large number of manatees in Florida to die.
Sodium alginate is a non-toxic product and food additive, which is licensed by the state.
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